Your browser doesn't support javascript.
loading
Show: 20 | 50 | 100
Results 1 - 20 de 21
Filter
1.
Chinese Journal of Natural Medicines (English Ed.) ; (6): 546-552, 2013.
Article in English | WPRIM | ID: wpr-812322

ABSTRACT

AIM@#To establish the Spectrum-Effect integrated fingerprint of Polygonum cuspidatum to evaluate the quality of P. cuspidatum.@*METHODS@#An on-line HPLC-DAD-flow injection chemiluminescence (FICL) method was developed to investigate the quality of P. cuspidatum from different habitats based on the established Spectrum-Effect integrated fingerprint.@*RESULTS@#Nineteen batches of samples of P. cuspidatum were evaluated for the similarity of their chromatographic and free radical scavenging fingerprints, and the results compared. Main antioxidants were estimated by regression analysis between peak areas of thirteen compounds and their activities. Some active compounds were identified by HPLC-ESI-MS.@*CONSULSIONS@#The results indicated that main antioxidants in P. cuspidatum could be rapidly screened by the established Spectrum-Effect integrated fingerprint based on on-line HPLC-DAD-FICL, and would be more efficient and objective method to evaluate the quality of P. cuspidatum.


Subject(s)
Antioxidants , Chromatography, High Pressure Liquid , Methods , Drugs, Chinese Herbal , Fallopia japonica , Chemistry , Flow Injection Analysis , Luminescence , Quality Control
2.
International Journal of Environmental Research. 2013; 7 (1): 113-130
in English | IMEMR | ID: emr-130239

ABSTRACT

Plastic recycling is the process of recovering scrap or waste plastics and reprocessing the material into useful products that sometimes differ completely in form from their original state. An important issue in plastic recovery and recycling is that plastic waste usually contains a variety of plastics that differ in their physical and chemical properties. Separation of recovered plastics into distinct classes is a fundamental prerequisite for their use as secondary raw materials. The Multidune separator is a hydraulic channel that permits solid particle sorting on the basis of differential transport mechanisms. Steady flow conditions are established within the apparatus. An image analysis technique was employed to reconstruct the trajectories of tracer particles within the fluid and to determine the evolution of the velocity field with time. Pollen and plastic particles were used as tracers. Unlike plastic particles, pollen is expected to passively follow the fluid flow field. Tests on monomaterial and composite samples were conducted while varying the operative conditions, and comparisons were made. The presence of three different recirculation areas occurred regardless of the hydraulic head at the Multidune inlet except for the first and last chambers. The lower recirculation zone is larger than the upper recirculation zone because of geometrical constraints. With variation in the hydraulic head, the geometry of the inner structures does not change appreciably. If a plastic particle within the principal transport path interacts with the lower recirculation area and its physical characteristics [density and dimensions] are such that it remains trapped, the separation process is successful. Because of its smaller dimensions and the reduced value of its velocity field, the upper recirculation area is relatively ineffective in the separation process


Subject(s)
Recycling/standards , Plastics , Flow Injection Analysis , Efficiency , Waste Management
3.
Braz. j. pharm. sci ; 48(2): 325-333, Apr.-June 2012. ilus, graf, tab
Article in English | LILACS | ID: lil-643025

ABSTRACT

A simple flow-injection analysis procedure was developed for determining captopril in pharmaceutical formulations employing a novel solid-phase reactor containing silver thiocyanate immobilized in a castor oil derivative polyurethane resin. The method was based on silver mercaptide formation between the captopril and Ag(I) in the solid-phase reactor. During such a reaction, the SCN- anion was released and reacted with Fe3+, which generated the FeSCN2+ complex that was continuously monitored at 480 nm. The analytical curve was linear in the captopril concentration range from 3.0 × 10-4 mol L-1 to 1.1 × 10-3 mol L-1 with a detection limit of 8.0 × 10-5 mol L-1. Recoveries between 97.5% and 103% and a relative standard deviation of 2% for a solution containing 6.0 × 10-4 mol L-1 captopril (n = 12) were obtained. The sample throughput was 40 h-1 and the results obtained for captopril in pharmaceutical formulations using this procedure and those obtained using a pharmacopoeia procedure were in agreement at a 95% confidence level.


Um procedimento simples de análise por injeção em fluxo foi desenvolvido para a determinação de captopril em formulações farmacêuticas empregando um novo reator em fase sólida contendo tiocianato de prata imobilizado em resina poliuretana obtida a partir de óleo de mamona. O método foi baseado na formação de um mercapto composto de prata, no reator em fase sólida, obtido entre o captopril e Ag (I) imobilizada. Durante a reação, íons SCN- eram liberados e reagiam com Fe3+, gerando o complexo FeSCN2+, que foi continuamente monitorado em 480 nm. A curva analítica foi linear no intervalo de concentração de captopril entre 3,0 × 10-4 a 1,1 × 10-3 mol L-1 com um limite de detecção de 8,0 × 10-5 mol L-1. Recuperações entre 97,5-103% e desvio padrão relativo de 2% para uma solução contendo 6,0 × 10-4 mol L-1 de captopril (n = 12) foram obtidos. A frequência de amostragem foi de 40 h-1 e os resultados obtidos para captopril em formulações farmacêuticas utilizando este procedimento e o da Farmacopeia, estão de acordo em um nível de confiança de 95%.


Subject(s)
Captopril/pharmacokinetics , Chemistry, Pharmaceutical/classification , Flow Injection Analysis , Polyurethanes/classification
4.
Mem. Inst. Oswaldo Cruz ; 103(2): 130-137, Mar. 2008. graf, tab
Article in English | LILACS | ID: lil-480643

ABSTRACT

The pentavalent antimonies, mainly the meglumine antimoniate, are recommends as first-choice medicines for leishmaniasis therapy. In this work we described the development of formulations of meglumine antimoniate injectable medication, as well as the analytical methodology used in the selective determination of Sb(III) and Sb(Total) by hydride generation - inductively coupled plasma atomic emission spectrometry (HG-ICP-AES) and ICP-AES, respectively. On that purpose the analytical methodology was developed focusing on the HG-ICP-AES technique. The formulations using propylene glycol/water as vehicles in a 20:80 proportion were more appropriate for subsequent use in industrial scale. These formulations also showed a lower variation on Sb(III) percentage, no need of buffer solution to stabilize the formulation and no influence of the autoclaving in the quality of the product. The results of the development of the analytical methodology point out the proposed method as an efficient alternative for the determination of Sb(III) in the presence of large quantities of Sb(V) in injectable solutions of meglumine antimoniate, in a selective, linear, accurate and precise manner. In addition, the method showed a low limit of quantification, less interference of the matrix, and more resilience than batch techniques proposed in the Brazilian Pharmacopeia.


Subject(s)
Antimony/analysis , Antiprotozoal Agents/chemistry , Flow Injection Analysis/methods , Meglumine/chemistry , Organometallic Compounds/chemistry , Spectrophotometry, Atomic/methods , Antiprotozoal Agents/standards , Chemistry, Pharmaceutical/standards , Meglumine/standards , Organometallic Compounds/standards , Quality Control
5.
Rev. Inst. Adolfo Lutz ; 66(3): 234-239, set.-dez. 2007. ilus, tab
Article in Portuguese | LILACS, SES-SP, SESSP-CTDPROD, SES-SP, SESSP-IALPROD, SES-SP | ID: lil-500677

ABSTRACT

A ocratoxina A é nefrotóxica e tem sido encontrada em milho, soja, trigo, cevada, arroz e amendoim. O brasileiro consome em média 49 litros de cerveja por ano, sendo que a matéria-prima principal é a cevada, além de milho e o arroz. A determinação das ocratoxinas A e B em bebidas requerem o clean up ou colunas de imunoafinidade. Um método analítico, por injeção direta da amostra, empregando cromatografia líquida de alta eficiência, com uma coluna cromatográfica IS-aniônica (Internal SurfaceReverse Phase) foi desenvolvido. A recuperação do método variou de 78,5 a 92,1% para os níveis de ocratoxina A na faixa de 0,25 a 4,00g.L-1; e de 76,5 a 93,1% para a ocratoxina B na faixa de 1,25 a 20,00g.L-1; limites de detecção de 0,15 e 0,35g.L-1 para ocratoxina A e B, e os limites de quantificação 0,25 e 0,60g.L-1, respectivamente. Num total de 42 amostras de cervejas comercializadas em Bauru e região 2,4% das amostras de cervejas nacionais, e 11,1% das cervejas importadas estavam contaminadas com ocratoxina A entre 0,32 e 0,80g.L-1. Quanto a ocratoxina B, foi encontrada apenas em 2,4% das amostras de cervejas nacionais, no nível de 0,78g.L-1.


Subject(s)
Beer , Chromatography , Ochratoxins , Flow Injection Analysis
6.
Hig. aliment ; 19(128): 125-132, jan.-fev. 2005. tab, graf
Article in Portuguese | LILACS | ID: lil-406262

ABSTRACT

No presente trabalho a inibição da atividade bactericida foi avaliada através da medida do produto da respiração bacteriana, CO2 utilizando-se a técnica de Análise por Injeção em Fluxo (FIA condutimétrico). Foram utilizadas cepas das bactérias Escherichia coli ATCC 2592 e Staphyloccus aureus ATCC 25923. Como agentes bactericidas foram utilizados cinco marca de desinfetante de fabricação industrial para uso doméstico e três desinfetantes de produção artesanal. De acordo com os resultados os desinfetantes de fabricação industrial demonstraram-se bastante eficientes tanto para E. coli quanto para S. aureus. Os desinfetantes de produção artesanal apresentaram efeito bactericida, para as cepas utilizadas bastante inferior quando comparado aos desinfetantes comerciais.


Subject(s)
Disinfectants , Escherichia coli , Flow Injection Analysis , Staphylococcus aureus
7.
São Paulo; s.n; 2005. 115 p. ilus, tab, graf.
Thesis in Portuguese | LILACS, SES-SP, SESSP-CTDPROD, SES-SP, SESSP-IALPROD, SES-SP, SESSP-TESESESSP, SES-SP | ID: lil-458453

ABSTRACT

Os nitratos e nitritos são substâncias que entram no corpo humano através de alimentos de origem animal, vegetal ou da água. Também são introduzidos como aditivos alimentícios (conservadores) que, apesar de evitarem o desenvolvimento do Clostridium botulinum em produtos cárneos, apresentam os riscos de ocorrência de metemoglobinemia e formação de nitrosaminas cancerígenas. Isto tudo justifica o seu controle analítico pelas autoridades sanitárias. O método oficial (AOAC) recomenda o uso da reação de diazotação/copulação de Griess com detecção colorimétrica para o nitrito, sendo o nitrato reduzido a nitrito em coluna de cádmio e detectado como íon nitrito. Este método gera íons Cd+2 altamente tóxicos com implicações à saúde ocupacional e ambiental. O método proposto visa substituir o redutor Cd pelo sulfato de hidrazina/sulfato de cobre. A técnica empregada com o redutor investigado foi a análise por injeção sequencial (SIA). Foram analisadas amostras de águas e aditivos alimentícios para a comparação da eficiência dos dois métodos de redução. Os resultados analíticos mostraram boa correlação entre os dois métodos tanto para as amostras de águas como para os aditivos. Os estudos de eficiência da redução revelaram equivalência entre os redutores Cd e sulfato de hidrazina. Além desses resultados, foram realizados estudos de recuperação do método proposto em águas e aditivos, com valores próximos de 100%. O método apresentou linearidade até 3,5mg.L-1 de N-NO3- e limites de detecção (L.D.) 0,06 e 0,08mg.L-1 para o N-NO2- e N-NO3- respectivamente. Os limites de quantificação (L.Q.) foram 0,08 e 0,25mg.L-1 para o N-NO2- e N-NO3- respectivamente.


Subject(s)
Food Additives , Flow Injection Analysis , Cadmium , Nitrates/analysis , Nitrites/analysis , Water
8.
São Paulo; s.n; 2005. 115 p. ilus, tab, graf.
Thesis in Portuguese | LILACS, ColecionaSUS, SES-SP, SESSP-CTDPROD, SES-SP, SESSP-ACVSES, SESSP-IALPROD, SES-SP, SESSP-IALACERVO, SESSP-TESESESSP, SES-SP | ID: biblio-933103

ABSTRACT

Os nitratos e nitritos são substâncias que entram no corpo humano através de alimentos de origem animal, vegetal ou da água. Também são introduzidos como aditivos alimentícios (conservadores) que, apesar de evitarem o desenvolvimento do Clostridium botulinum em produtos cárneos, apresentam os riscos de ocorrência de metemoglobinemia e formação de nitrosaminas cancerígenas. Isto tudo justifica o seu controle analítico pelas autoridades sanitárias. O método oficial (AOAC) recomenda o uso da reação de diazotação/copulação de Griess com detecção colorimétrica para o nitrito, sendo o nitrato reduzido a nitrito em coluna de cádmio e detectado como íon nitrito. Este método gera íons Cd+2 altamente tóxicos com implicações à saúde ocupacional e ambiental. O método proposto visa substituir o redutor Cd pelo sulfato de hidrazina/sulfato de cobre. A técnica empregada com o redutor investigado foi a análise por injeção sequencial (SIA). Foram analisadas amostras de águas e aditivos alimentícios para a comparação da eficiência dos dois métodos de redução. Os resultados analíticos mostraram boa correlação entre os dois métodos tanto para as amostras de águas como para os aditivos. Os estudos de eficiência da redução revelaram equivalência entre os redutores Cd e sulfato de hidrazina. Além desses resultados, foram realizados estudos de recuperação do método proposto em águas e aditivos, com valores próximos de 100%. O método apresentou linearidade até 3,5mg.L-1 de N-NO3- e limites de detecção (L.D.) 0,06 e 0,08mg.L-1 para o N-NO2- e N-NO3- respectivamente. Os limites de quantificação (L.Q.) foram 0,08 e 0,25mg.L-1 para o N-NO2- e N-NO3- respectivamente.


Subject(s)
Cadmium , Flow Injection Analysis , Food Additives , Nitrates/analysis , Nitrites/analysis , Water
9.
SPJ-Saudi Pharmaceutical Journal. 2005; 13 (2-3): 97-105
in English | IMEMR | ID: emr-75109

ABSTRACT

Formation of hydrogen peroxide by electrochemical reduction of molecular oxygen was examined by measuring luminol chemiluminescence and absorption spectrum using flow-injection method. Ferryl porphyrin is widely accepted as responsible species to stimulate the emission in hydrogen peroxide / iron porphyrin / luminol system. Emission was observed under the cathodic potentials [0.05V at pH 2.0 and -0.3V at pH 11.0] by the electrochemical reduction of aerated electrolytes solution but no emission was observed at anodic potentials. Iron porphyrin solution was added at the down stream of the working electrode and was essential for the emission. Removal of dissolved molecular oxygen resulted in the decrease of emission intensity by more than 70%. In order to examine the life time of reduced active species, delay tubes were introduced between working electrode and Fe III TMPyP inlet. Experimental results suggested the active species were stable for quite a long period. The emission was quenched considerably [>90%] when hydroperoxy catalase was added at the down stream of the working electrode whereas Superoxide dismutase [SOD] had little effect and mannitol had no effect. The spectra at reduction potential under aerated condition were shifted to the longer wavelength [>430nm] compared to the original spectrum of Fe III TMPyP [422nm], indicating that the ferryl species were mixed to some extent. These observations lead to the conclusion that hydrogen peroxide was produced first by electrochemical reduction of molecular oxygen which then converted Fe III TMPyP into O=Fe IV TMPyP to activate luminol. Comparing emission intensities with the reference experiments, the current efficiencies for the formation of hydrogen peroxide were estimated as about 30-65% in all over the pH range used


Subject(s)
Hydrogen Peroxide/pharmacokinetics , Luminescence , Flow Injection Analysis
10.
Rev. bras. toxicol ; 17(2): 19-24, dez. 2004. ilus, tab
Article in Portuguese | LILACS | ID: lil-404060

ABSTRACT

Foi desenvolvido um método de análise por injeção em fluxo (FIA) com detector de fluorescência para determinação de oxitetraciclina (OTC), doxiciclina (DC) e tetraciclina (TC) em medicamentos veterinários. O sistema FIA foi otimizado com relação ao carregador (NaOH 2,5 10-3 mol L-1) e vazão (0,5 mL min-1). Os comprimentos de onda de excitação e emissão do detector foram 420 e 530 nm, respectivamente. O método foi validado mediante avaliação dos seguintes parâmetros: faixa linear (0,02 a 0,15 mg mL-1), linearidade r(OTC) 0,9975; r(DC) 0,9903; e r(TC) 0,9913; precisão intra- e inter-ensaio (RSD < 1,0 por cento e < 3,0 por cento, respectivamente), detectabilidade (120 ng), exatidão (98 a 104 por cento) e freqüência de amostragem (50 injeções h-1). Na determinação de tetraciclinas em preparações farmacêuticas, disponíveis no comércio, foi verificada variação de 90 a 104 por cento, na quantidade nominal de princípio ativo presente no medicamento


Subject(s)
Animals , Cattle , Drug Evaluation/methods , Drug Evaluation/veterinary , Doxycycline , Oxytetracycline , Tetracyclines , Flow Injection Analysis/methods , Flow Injection Analysis , Flow Injection Analysis/veterinary , Drug Utilization , Fluoroimmunoassay
11.
Rev. med. Tucumán ; 10(3/4): 113-117, jul.-dic. 2004. ilus
Article in Spanish | LILACS | ID: lil-414539

ABSTRACT

Introducción: Diferentes matrices han sido ensayadas en la elaboración de biosensores. En este trabajo, se describe un biosensor a ureasa inmovilizada utilizando gelatina comercial como matriz soporte, conectado a un sistema de flujo semiautomático para optimizar el proceso. Material y métodos: Para la inmovilización enzimática se utilizó como matriz gelatina comercial, y como agente polimerizador, el glutaraldehído. Se analizó el efecto de diversos sistemas buffer para la gelificación de la matriz. Para la construcción del biosensor se incorporó una alícuota de enzimas inmovilizadas en un cartucho Mobicol de 1 ml, el cual se acopló a un sistema de control de flujo semi-automático, valorándose el flujo óptimo para una apropiada relación enzima-substrato. Resultados y conclusiones: Se logró un óptimo entrampado del enzima a una concentración de ureasa de 0,4 mg/ml en gelatina disuelta en solución buffer fosfato 100mM pH=7,2 (25 mg/ml), con agregado de glutaraldehído al 1,2 por ciento (v/v) como agente polimerizador. La temperatura y flujo más apropiados para la reacción fueron 37°C y 0,035 ml/min., respectivamente. La actividad específica del enzima inmovilizada mostró linealidad con el enzima soluble, y el porcentaje de inmovilización alcanzó un 46 por ciento.


Subject(s)
Gelatin , Biosensing Techniques/instrumentation , Biosensing Techniques/methods , Urease/analysis , Flow Injection Analysis , Enzymes, Immobilized
12.
Acta Pharmaceutica Sinica ; (12): 64-67, 2004.
Article in English | WPRIM | ID: wpr-301147

ABSTRACT

<p><b>AIM</b>To establish a new and simple flow injection method for the rapid determination of acetylspiramycin (ASPM).</p><p><b>METHODS</b>ASPM was determined by chemiluminescence (CL) method combined with flow injection (FI) technology, which was based on the inhibitive effect of ASPM on the chemiluminescence reaction of the luminol-K3Fe (CN)6 system.</p><p><b>RESULTS</b>The decrease of chemiluminescence intensity was proportional to the logarithm of ASPM concentration (0.1-100) microgram.L-1, the detection limit was 40 ng.L-1 (3 sigma). The whole process, including sampling and washing, could be completed in 0.5 min with a RSD less than 3.0% (n = 5).</p><p><b>CONCLUSION</b>The FI-CL method is of both high sensitivity and good selectivity giving a throughput of 120 h-1. The proposed method was applied successfully to the determination of ASPM in pharmaceutical preparations and human urine without any pre-treatment. It was found that the ASPM concentration reached its maximum after being orally administrated for two hours.</p>


Subject(s)
Humans , Male , Anti-Bacterial Agents , Blood , Urine , Flow Injection Analysis , Luminescent Measurements , Luminol , Chemistry , Microchemistry , Spiramycin , Blood , Urine
13.
Acta Pharmaceutica Sinica ; (12): 925-928, 2004.
Article in Chinese | WPRIM | ID: wpr-241409

ABSTRACT

<p><b>AIM</b>To study the sensitizing effect of acemetacin (ACE) on the weak chemiluminescent (CL) reaction of KMnO4 with sulfite and establish a fast and convenient method for CL detection of ACE.</p><p><b>METHODS</b>Using the sensitizing effect of ACE on KMnO4-Na2SO3 system and flow injection technique to determine the concentration of ACE.</p><p><b>RESULTS</b>Under optimal conditions, the CL intensity of 1.0 x 10(-2) mol x L(-1) H3PO4 - 5.0 x 10(-5) mol x L(-1) KMnO4 - 4.0 x 10(-4) mol x L(-1) Na2SO3 was proportional to the concentration of ACE ranging from 1.0 x 10(-7) to 1.0 x 10(-5) mol x L(-1). The detection limit of ACE was 6.9 x 10(-8) mol x L(-1) at 3sigma. Satisfactory results were obtained for determination of ACE at 2.5 x 10(-6) mol x L(-1).</p><p><b>CONCLUSION</b>The present method showed good precision, high sensitivity and selectivity and could be used for fast and convenient detection of ACE. It would be of significance to the clinical and pharmacological study of acemetacin.</p>


Subject(s)
Flow Injection Analysis , Methods , Indomethacin , Luminescent Measurements , Methods , Potassium Permanganate , Chemistry , Sulfites , Chemistry
14.
Rev. Fac. Farm. (Merida) ; 43: 29-33, 2002. ilus, tab, graf
Article in Spanish | LILACS | ID: lil-366618

ABSTRACT

Se desarrolló un método analítico para cuantificar astemizol en tabletas, mediante la aplicación de un sistema por inyección en flujo y detección espectrofotométrica (UV) directa. El astemizol se separó de los excipientes directamente con metanol. Las disoluciones se inyectaron en un flujo continuo constituido por una solución de ácido clorhídrico 0.1 M. El intervalo lineal, obtenido usando el método de adición estándar, resultó entre 20 y 100 µg/mL, con un límite de detección igual a 0,01 µg/mL. El sistema se automatizó para determinar soluciones muestras a una velocidad de 1/min con un coeficiente de variación menor que 1,5 por ciento (n=25). El método desarrollado resultó económico, rápido, reproducible y fácil de aplicar en aquellos laboratrios que realizan un elevado número de análisis de rutina.


Subject(s)
Flow Injection Analysis , Astemizole , Clinical Laboratory Techniques , Evaluation Studies as Topic , Venezuela
15.
Acta Pharmaceutica Sinica ; (12): 793-797, 2002.
Article in English | WPRIM | ID: wpr-312047

ABSTRACT

<p><b>AIM</b>To establish a simple and novel method for the determination of vitamin B2 rapidly in pharmaceutical preparations.</p><p><b>METHODS</b>Vitamin B2 was determined by a chemiluminescence (CL) sensor combined with flow-injection (FI) technology. The analytical reagents involved in the CL reaction, luminol and hexacyanoferrate (III), were both immobilized on an anion-exchange resin column in FI system. The CL signal produced by the reaction between luminol and hexacyanoferrate (III), which were eluted from the column through sodium phosphate injection, decreased in the presence of vitamin B2.</p><p><b>RESULTS</b>The decreased CL intensity was linearly correlated with the vitamin B2 concentration in the range of 0.01-1.0 microgram.mL-1, the detection limit was 4.0 ng.mL-1 vitamin B2 (3 sigma). At a flow rate of 2.0 mL.min-1, the procedure including sampling and washing could be performed in 2 min with a relative standard deviation of less than 3.0%.</p><p><b>CONCLUSION</b>The flow sensor exhibited both good sensitivity and stability. It could be reused more than 450 times and has been applied successfully to the analysis of vitamin B2 in pharmaceutical preparations.</p>


Subject(s)
Flow Injection Analysis , Methods , Luminescent Measurements , Luminol , Riboflavin , Tablets , Chemistry
16.
Bulletin of Faculty of Pharmacy-Cairo University. 2001; 39 (1): 153-64
in English | IMEMR | ID: emr-56537

ABSTRACT

Copper [II], iron [III], antimony [V] and arsenic [V] were determined as bromine, which is liberated through the reaction of the metal ions with acidic bromide solution by flow injection amperometry at a platinum electrode by injecting the sample into an eluent: KBr in H2SO4 for both Cu [II] and Fe [III], or KBr in HCl for both Sb [V] and As [V]. The rectilinearity range is from 10-3 to 10-7 M. Antimony [III] and arsenic [III], that can be oxidized by bromine, were determined on-line by injecting the acidic solutions of the samples into bromate-bromide eluent and observing the decrease in the bromine signal. The determination was also performed by injecting a pre- reacted solution of bromide and Sb [V] or As [V] and monitoring the bromine produced. The method have been applied successfully to commercial tablet forms [for iron], alloys [for copper] or in the bulk powders [iron, antimony and arsenic]. The results obtained were compared statistically with those given by the titrimetric methods


Subject(s)
Flow Injection Analysis , Copper , Antimony , Iron , Arsenic
18.
Säo Paulo; s.n; 1998. 84 p. ilus, tab, graf.
Thesis in Portuguese | LILACS | ID: lil-306978

ABSTRACT

Esta pesquisa contribui para elucidar as bases teóricas da aplicaçäo de compressas embebidas em soluçöes hiperosmolares, sobre a pele, na ocorrência de edema por extravasamento de infusöes intravenosas. Na pesquisa experimental utilizou-se o modelo do edema de pata de rato, com mensuraçäo do volume pelo método pletismográfico de WINDER (1957) e mensuraçäo do peso no modelo de BENTLEY (1958) sob o fluxo de água e sais através das membranas biológicas. Induziu-se um edema inflamatório, nas patas traseiras do rato, com injeçäo de substância irritante. Na pata tratada com soluçäo de cloreto de potássio 3 Molar (M), houve perda, de significância estatística, no volume e peso em comparaçäo à näo tratada. Em outros grupos de experimentos, a substância irritante foi substituída pela injeçäo de substâncias näo irritantes. Nesses grupos, houve influência, de significância estatística, das soluçöes como o sódio 3,42 M (20 porcento), cloreto de potássio 2,56 M (19,1 porcento), bicarbonato de sódio 1,19 M(10 porcento), - todas de uso hospitalar - sobre o edema da pata tratada em relaçäo à pata nä tratada. Conclui-se que soluçöes hiperosmolares aplicadas sobre a pele da pata edemaciada do rato influem na reduçäo do edema, constatando-se o princípio do fluxo de volume do meio interno para o meio externo


Subject(s)
Animals , Male , Rats , Edema , Infusion Pumps , Flow Injection Analysis
19.
in English | IMSEAR | ID: sea-129512

ABSTRACT

Many chemical laboratories are facing problems of analysing chemical components, since the conventional methods for chemical analysis are ineffcient and less accurate and also the instruments for chemical analysis are fairly expensive with limited facilities. therefore there is tremendous effort to explore possibilities of automated methods for chemical analysis. One of the common methods used for the determination of concentrations is Flow injrction analysis for which expensive and sophisticated instruments are essential. If such an instrument is constructed at our affordable price, it is helpful to be used in common laboratories, especially in third world countries` like Sri Lanka. with this view in mind I have taken ideas published in the literatute in several places and combined them to developan efficient Flow Injection Analyser that can be constructed for a reasonable price. It should be noted that all parts of thas FIA are available in the local market. Main parts of this instrument are reagent rese rvoir, injection port, mixing coil and the detector. This detector consists of log converter, power supply unit, cell compartment digital readout device and the detector compartment to avoid variation of digital output, it was needed to connect a simple chartrecorder to the instrument. This construction can be applied in cases where concentrations in solution are determined in trace....


Subject(s)
Flow Injection Analysis
SELECTION OF CITATIONS
SEARCH DETAIL